p.55
  3  Progress and Preservation:Striking a Balance
　　
  〔課文圖像筆記〕
  （圖）
  Cultural heritage gives us precious glimpses of life in the past and therefore adds to our own sense of identity.
  It is necessary that development take place, but this doesn't have to come at the cost of destroying ancient treasures.
　　
  Egypt
  Abu Simbe temples VS. Aswan High Dam
  UNESCO led a campaign to transport the temples to higher ground.（116,000 huge blocks）
  The temples were saved from being drowned, and Egypt was spared the loss of these historic treasures.
　　
  Taiwan
  old Kaohsiung Railway Station VS. new underground metro and railway system
  It took 17 days to move the building.
  Experts suggested that the structure be moved as a whole.
  Enormous wooden tracks were built, and then the building was raised up and made to slide along these tracks to its new location.
  * Both the old station and the fond memories of local people were successfully preserved.
p.56
  PART A
  Reading Selection
　　
  〔課文解析〕
  Paragraph 1 
  Cultural heritage gives us precious glimpses of life in the past and *1therefore *2adds to our own 
  *3sense of identity. *4Despite this, our traditional view of progress has often been “out with the old, in with the new.” *5 It is necessary that development *6 take place, of course, but this doesn’t have to come *7at the cost of destroying ancient treasures that can never be replaced. 
  文化遺產讓我們對過往生活能有短暫但珍貴的感受，因而增進自我認同感。儘管如此，傳統上我們對於進步的看法常是「舊的不去，新的不來。」發展當然是必要的，但這不必以摧毀無可取代的古代瑰寶為代價。 
　　
  [1]therefore為轉承語，表「因此」，用來表示結果。[同]as a result, consequently, hence, thus 
  -Ian今早睡過頭了。因此，媽媽開車送他去學校，以免他第一節課遲到。 
  *Ian overslept this morning. ----, Mom drove him to school so that he wouldn’t be late for his first class.  
  [2]add to sth. 增加......（規模、數量、程度等） 
  *豪雨增加搜救隊救援地震災民時的困難度。 
  The heavy rain ---- ---- the difficulties the rescue team faced while  saving the earthquake victims. 
  [3]sense of identity 認同感 
  *我為我的工作感到自豪，因為它給了我一份認同感。 
  I take pride in my job because it gives me a ---- ---- ----. 
  [4]Despite + N/V-ing/the fact that + S + V, S + V.... 儘管...... 
  *儘管他的父母反對，Matt仍然兼差當一名食物外送員。 
  ---- his parents’ opposition, Matt still works as a part-time food courier.  
  [5]此處用It is necessary/essential/important/crucial/vital/critical/urgent that + S （+ should） + VR....的句型強調發展的必要性，後面that子句的should通常省略，直接接原形動詞。此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  *當你進入KTV包廂時，知道在哪裡可以找到滅火器是很重要的。 
  ---- ---- ---- ---- you ---- where to find a fire extinguisher when you enter a KTV parlor. 
p.57  
  [6]take place 發生 [同]happen, occur 
  *那火車站附近發生了一起非法抗議活動。許多人被捕。 
  An illegal protest ---- ---- near the train station. Many people were  arrested. 
  [7]at the cost of 以......作為代價 
  *你不應該每晚熬夜。以你寶貴的健康為代價取得的好成績是沒有意義的。 
  You shouldn’t burn the midnight oil every night. Good grades ---- ---- ---- ----your precious health are meaningless. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  1. 暑假的第一天，Mark 的朋友們邀請他參加一個電音舞曲派對。儘管他的父母不同意，他還是答應了。這場派對很酷，有所有年輕人期待的事物。他們一起享受著音樂、一起跳著舞。與志趣相投的人打交道增進了他們的認同感。 
  On the first day of summer vacation, Mark’s friends invited him to an electronic dance music party. He said yes ---- his parents’ disapproval. The party was cool and had everything that  
  young people look forward to. They enjoyed the music and danced together. Mingling with people with similar interests ---- ---- their ---- ---- ----. 
  2. 不幸的是，他們在回家的路上，在公路上發生了一場車禍，造成了交通堵塞，所以Mark無法比父母早一步回家，被發現偷溜了出去。因此，他們決定將他禁足整個暑假。Mark了解到，做任何決定前再三思考是必要的。以他兩個月的自由為代價，換取在一個兩小時的派對上玩得開心並不明智。 
  Unfortunately, when they were on their way home, a car accident ---- ---- on the highway and caused a traffic jam, so Mark was unable to get home earlier than his parents and  
  was caught sneaking out. ----, they decided to ground him for the whole summer vacation. Mark understood that ---- ---- ---- ---- he ---- twice before making any decision. It was unwise of him to  
  have fun at a two-hour party ---- ---- ---- ---- his freedom for two months. 
　　
  Paragraph 2 
  An example of this took place in 1959, *8when the construction of the Aswan High Dam endangered the future of Egypt’s precious Abu Simbel temples. The proposed construction project would *9enable this North African country to control the annual flooding of the Nile. *10However, an artificial lake would be formed *11as a result, and the Abu Simbel temples would then be submerged. Though Egypt has an abundance of historic sites, many felt that no part of its rich and unique cultural heritage should be lost. After a *12UNESCO-led campaign, *13it was concluded that the temples  
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  would be transported to higher ground. *14In order to accomplish this challenging task, the Egyptian government decided that the sacred structures would be cut into 16,000 huge blocks. These were then moved and reassembled at a site *15situated 65 meters higher up and 180 meters further back from the water. In the end, the temples *16were saved from being drowned, and Egypt *17was spared the loss of these historic treasures. 
  1959 年有個案例，興建亞斯文水壩使得埃及寶貴的阿布辛貝神殿岌岌可危。被提議的工程會使這個北非國家得以控制尼羅河年年氾濫的狀況。然而，這會形成一個人工湖，淹沒阿布辛貝神殿。雖然埃及擁有大量古蹟，但是許多人仍覺得該國豐富獨特的文化遺產不應失去任何一部分。在一個由聯合國教科文組織所主導的活動之後，有了將神殿移至地勢較高處的結論。為了完成這項艱鉅的任務，埃及政府決定將這些神聖的建築物切割成一萬六千個大型塊狀物，接著這些塊狀物被移走，在比原址高65公尺、離河水180公尺遠的地方重組。最終，神殿得以保存不被淹沒，而埃及也免於失去這些歷史瑰寶。 
　　
  [8]when 在此當關係副詞，引導形容詞子句，補充說明先行詞1959年。由於先行詞所指的時間很明確，故形容詞子句使用非限定用法，when前面須加逗號。 
  *Lisa 還記得她上中學的第一天，當時她對於跟新同學見面感到既緊張又興奮。 
  Lisa still remembers her first day of high school, ---- she felt both nervous and excited about meeting new classmates. 
  [9]enable + O + to + VR 使......能夠...... 
  *精通兩種語言使Phoebe能夠在一家跨國企業找到一份高薪的工作。 
  Having a strong command of two languages ---- Phoebe ---- land a high-paying job at an international company. 
  [10]however 為轉承語，表「然而」，用來表達語氣的轉折。 
  *臺灣昨天宣布了兩百多起新冠肺炎本土病例。然而，仍有一些人不遵守社交 離規範。 
  Taiwan announced more than two hundred local COVID-19 cases yesterday. ----, some people are still disobeying the social-distancing protocol. 
  [11]as a result 為轉承語，表「因此；結果」，用來表示後果。[同] consequently, hence, therefore, thus 
  as a result of sth.則表「由於......」，用來表示原因。 
  *Tom 去海邊時沒擦防曬乳，結果他曬傷得很嚴重。 
  Tom didn’t wear sunscreen at the beach, and he got a painful sunburn ---- ---- ----.
  *由於連續三天的大雨，許多村莊被淹沒了。 
  Many villages were flooded ---- ---- ---- ---- the heavy rain that lasted for three days. 
  [12]UNESCO-led 為常見的複合形容詞結構，由名詞（UNESCO）+過去分詞（led）組成。課文中的 a UNESCO-led campaign 可寫為：a campaign that was led by UNESCO。其他常見的這一類複合形容詞包括：snow-covered（被雪覆蓋的）、poverty-stricken（貧的）、candlelit（燭光照亮的）。 
p.59
  *從我們的旅館房間可以看到被白雪覆蓋的阿爾卑斯山峰。 
  We can see the ---- peaks of the Alps from our hotel room.  
  [13]It is/was concluded that + S + V表「結論是......」，it是虛主詞，用來代替that the temples...to higher 
  ground。 
  *經過幾個月的實驗後，結論是這款新藥對病患是安全的。 
  After months of experiments, ---- ---- ---- ---- the new drug was safe for patients. 
  [14]in order to VR 為了...... [同]for the purpose of V-ing, with a view to V-ing 
  *Elaine昨晚熬夜，為了在截止期限前完成她的科學專題。 
  Elaine stayed up late last night ---- ---- ---- ---- her science project before the deadline. 
  [15]situated 65 meters...from the water是分詞片語，由形容詞子句a site which/that was situated 65 meters...from the water簡化而來。was situated為被動語態，故簡化為分詞片語時須使用過去分詞。 
  *在高鐵站附近的這間飯店被指定為防疫旅館。 
  The hotel, ---- near the HSR station, is designated as an epidemic prevention hotel. 
  [16]save...from + N/V-ing 使......免於（做）...... 
  *向食物銀行捐款是拯救窮苦人家免於飢餓的方法之一。 
  Making a donation to a food bank is one way to ---- poor people ---- ----. 
  [17]sb. be spared sth.表「某人免於某事」，為spare sb. sth.的被動說法。 
  *由於快速撤離，村民們免於在颱風來襲期間受到嚴重傷害。 
  Thanks to the quick evacuation, the villagers ---- ---- serious injuries during the typhoon. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  1. 臺灣位於環太平洋火山帶，對地震絕對不陌生。一場毀滅性的地震在今天凌晨兩點襲擊了東臺灣，並摧毀了數百間房屋。災後不久，政府即派出救援隊到地震襲擊的地區，並開始建造組合屋，為了使倖存者能夠暫時安頓下來，免於無家可歸。然而，建造組合屋只是一個暫時的解決方法。最重要、最緊迫的任務是幫助災民重建原本的家園。 
  Taiwan, ---- on the Circum-Pacific Belt, is definitely no stranger to earthquakes. A devastating earthquake struck eastern Taiwan at two o’clock this morning and destroyed hundreds of houses. Soon after the disaster, the government sent a rescue team to the ---- region and started the construction of prefabricated housing units ---- ---- ---- ---- the survivors ---- rest for the time being and ---- them ---- ---- ----.  
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  ----, building prefabricated homes is only a temporary solution. The most important and pressing task is to help the victims reconstruct their original homes. 
  2. 去年冬天發生了一場可怕的暴風雪，當時許多村莊停電，通訊線路也被切斷。結果，救援隊日以繼夜地工作，把食物和醫療用品送進災區。經過數週的調查後，結論是若有更完善的基礎設施與更早的警示，本可避免許多災害。值得慶幸的是，大部分家庭雖然房屋受到嚴重損毀，卻幸運地免於遭受嚴重傷害。 
  There was a terrible snowstorm last winter, ---- many villages lost power and communication lines were cut off. ---- ---- ----, emergency teams worked day and night to bring food and medical supplies to the area. After weeks of investigation, ---- ---- ---- ---- better infrastructure and earlier warnings could have prevented much of the damage. Thankfully, most families ---- ---- serious injuries, even though their homes had been heavily damaged. 
　　
  Paragraph 3 
  Taiwan’s southern port city of Kaohsiung once faced a similar problem and also had to *18figure out *19how a priceless old structure could be preserved. In the early 2000s, Kaohsiung was in need of a new underground metro and railway system to relieve traffic congestion and promote urban development. The only problem was *20that for the underground system to be built, the decades-old Kaohsiung Railway Station would need to be demolished. *21Since the train station held many precious memories for local residents, *22it was crucial that the authorities act quickly to save it. Urgent meetings were held, and plans for moving the old building were discussed. Experts *23suggested that the structure be moved as a whole. Enormous wooden tracks were built, and then the 3,500-ton 
  building was raised up and *24made to slide along these tracks to its new location at a speed of six meters per day. All in all, *25it took 17 days to move the building to its new location. The rescue mission stayed on track, and both the station and the fond memories of local people were successfully preserved. 
  臺灣南部的港都高雄也曾經面臨相似的難題，它也必須弄懂如何保存一棟極珍貴的古老建築物。西元兩千年初期，高雄需要新的地下捷運以及鐵路系統來紓解塞車並振興都市發展。唯一的難題就是為了要建地下化系統，擁有幾十年歷史的高雄火車站就必須被拆除。因為火車站承載了當地居民許多珍貴的回憶，所以有關當局必須盡快因應予以保留，召開了緊急會議並討論遷移這棟舊建築物的方案。專家建議須將這棟建築物整體遷移，於是蓋了超大型木頭軌道，然後將重達三千五百噸的建築物抬高，以每天六公尺的速度沿著木頭軌道滑行至新址。總共花了十七天，整棟建築物才搬到新址。這項救援任務進行順利，火車站和當地居民美好的回憶得以成功保留。 
p.61
  [18]figure out 理解；想出 [同]puzzle out, solve, understand, work out 
  *一些科學家花了幾天試圖解開這個謎團，但他們陷入僵局。 
  Some scientists spent days trying to ---- ---- the mystery, but they hit a dead end. 
  [19]how a priceless old structure could be preserved為疑問詞how（如何）引導的名詞子句，作figure out的受詞。此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  *媽媽向我示範了她是如何煮我最喜歡的湯。 
  Mom showed me ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----. 
  [20]that for the underground system to be built...need to be demolished為that引導的名詞子句，置於be動詞後，作The only problem的主詞補語，此時that不可省略。 
  *事實是我已經筋疲力盡，再也沒有辦法繼續了。 
  The fact is ---- I am exhausted and can’t go on anymore. 
  [21]since conj. 因為 
  *因為雨下得很大，那場足球比賽必須取消。 
  ---- it was raining heavily, the soccer game had to be canceled. 
  [22]此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  [23]此句為S + suggest that + S （+ should） + VR....的句型，後面that子句的be動詞需使用原形。 
  *我的朋友建議我們嘗試到市中心的那家新餐廳吃晚餐。 
  My friend ---- ---- we ---- the new restaurant downtown  
  for dinner. 
  [24]此句的the 3,500-ton building was...made to slide是使役動詞make + O + VR的被動語態說法，原句可寫成made the 3,500-ton building slide。 
  *老師鼓舞人心的話語使學生更加努力完成他們的專題。 
  The students ---- ---- ---- ---- harder on their projects by the teacher’s inspiring words. 
  = The teacher’s inspiring words ---- the students ---- harder on their projects. 
  [25]It + takes （+ sb.） + time + to VR.... （某人）花（時間）去做...... 
  *為女兒烤生日蛋糕花了Vivian一整個下午。 
  ---- ---- Vivian the whole afternoon ---- ---- a birthday cake for her daughter. 
p.62
  〔小試身手〕
  1. Tom正在試著想辦法如何提升他的數學成績。他的老師告訴他，成功的關鍵就在於他應該永不放棄，即使事情看起來很困難。因為Tom每天晚上都耐心研讀，他的成績逐漸進步，也在課堂上變得更有自信。 
  Tom was trying to ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----. His  
  teacher told him that the key to success was ---- he should never give up, even when things seemed hard. ---- Tom studied every evening with patience, he gradually improved his grades and became more confident in class. 
  2. 醫生建議Mary要規律運動並多吃蔬菜。起初她並不喜歡這個主意，但她被父母要求遵循這個計畫，因為他們很關心她的健康。她花了三個月時間才適應這種新的生活方式。最後她覺得自己更健康、更快樂。 
  The doctor ---- ---- Mary ---- regularly and ---- more vegetables. At first, she didn’t like this idea, but she ---- ---- ---- ---- the plan by her parents, who cared about her health. ---- ---- her three months ---- ---- to this new lifestyle. In the end, she felt much healthier and happier.
　　 
  Paragraph 4 
  As these two examples demonstrate, we don’t always have to clear out the old to make way for the new. *26After all, *27when it comes to development and cultural preservation, a balance that *28allows the two to exist *29side by side can be struck. *30Whether it’s possible to preserve our heritage and still see progress simply depends on how much thought and effort *31we’re willing to *32put in. 
  如同上述兩例所示，我們未必得除舊才能迎新。畢竟，提到發展和文化保存，是可以取得平衡讓兩者並存的。能否保存我們的遺產而仍見進步發展，只取決於我們願意投入多少心思和努力。 
　　
  [26]after all為轉承語，表「畢竟」，用來說明前文的理由，可置於句首、句中或句尾。after all另一個意思是「終究」，表示在各種考量或情況下最終的結果，通常置於句尾。 
  *你應該跟Helen道歉。畢竟，她是你最好的朋友。 
  You should apologize to Helen. ---- ----, she is your best friend. 
  *我們原本擔心暴風雨會造成我們的班機取消，但飛機終究還是安全起飛。 
  We had been worried that the storm would cancel our flight, but the plane took off safely ---- ----. 
  [27]when it comes to + N/V-ing 提及......；說到...... [同]as to, in terms of, with regard to 
  *說到迷信，很多人仍然認為用食指指月亮是一種禁忌。 
  ---- ---- ---- ---- superstitions, many people still think it’s a taboo to point at the moon with your index finger.  
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  [28]allow + O + to VR 讓......可以...... 
  *新的圖書館系統讓學生可以在線上借書，而不必大排長龍。 
  The new library system ---- students ---- borrow books online without  
  waiting in long lines. 
  [29]side by side 一起 
  *醫生與科學家們正一起合作以防止這個疾病散布。 
  The doctors and the scientists are working ---- ---- ---- to prevent the disease from spreading. 
  [30]本句有兩個疑問詞引導的名詞子句：Whether it’s possible to preserve our heritage and still see progress為whether（是否）引導的名詞子句，作本句的主詞；how much thought and effort we’re willing to put in為how（如何）加形容詞much引導的名詞子句，作depends on的受詞。此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  [31]be willing to VR 願意做...... 
  *如果你願意支付一點手續費，旅行社可以為你預訂機票。 
  If you ---- ---- ---- pay a small handling fee, the travel agency can book plane tickets for you. 
  [32]put in sth. 投入（時間、金錢、心力等） 
  *這名運動員每天投入好幾個小時訓練以準備這場全國競賽。 
  The athlete ---- ---- hours of training every day to prepare for the national competition. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  說到工作狂，Molly絕對會是第一個閃過我腦海的人。為了實現業績目標，她願意投入她全部的心力。她是否休息取決於她那天有多少場會議要開。如果她的會議一直繼續下去，她就會不吃飯而且當天晚上不怎麼睡覺，更不用說與家人共度美好時光了。不幸的是，她去年被診斷出患有癌症。這樣震驚的消息迫使她停下腳步，重新思考自己的人生。現在，她選擇花更多時間陪伴摯愛的家人，與他們一起面對挑戰、共享生活。這樣的改變讓她得以建立更緊密的關係，並珍惜日常生活中簡單的喜悅。畢竟，沒有健康與家庭，金錢就毫無意義。
  ---- ---- ---- ---- workaholics, Molly is absolutely the first person who comes to mind. To achieve her performance goals, she ---- ---- ---- ---- every ounce of effort she had. ---- she would take a break depended on ---- ---- meetings she had that day. If her meetings went on and on, she would skip meals and barely sleep that night, let alone spend quality time with her family. Unfortunately, she was diagnosed with cancer last year. Such shocking news forced her to pause and reflect on her life. Now, she chooses to spend more time with her loved ones, facing challenges and enjoying life ---- ---- ----
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  with them. This change ---- her ---- build closer relationships and appreciate the simple joys of everyday life. ---- ----, money means nothing without health and family. 
　　
  〔課文測驗〕
  Paragraph 1: Introduction 
  Progress and preservation are both of great importance, and neither should be sacrificed. 
  →
  Paragraph 2: Example 1 
  Egypt was faced with ----. After a campaign to preserve them, ----. Thus, Egypt made progress without losing these historic treasures. 
  Paragraph 3: Example 2 
  Kaohsiung, Taiwan, faced a similar problem:----. In the end, ---- and 
  successfully saved both the structure and the memories of local people. 
  →
  Paragraph 4: Conclusion 
  When it comes to progress versus preservation, ----. Only through thought and effort can we strike a balance between saving our heritage and making progress. 
　　
  （A） removing the old is not the only option 
  （B） the authorities relocated the old station 
  （C） the temples were moved to a higher location  
  （D） the dilemma of preserving the Abu Simbel temples or constructing the Aswan High Dam  
  （E） the construction of a new underground metro would lead to the destruction of an old station  
p.65
  PART B
  Words for Production
　　
  〔單字說明〕
  1. progress  n. [U] 進步；進展 
  [搭配]make progress 進步 
  *Taylor has ---- a lot of ---- since she began taking swimming  lessons last year. 
  Taylor 自從去年開始上游泳課以來進步很多。 
  [補充]in progress 正在進行中 
  progress  vi. 進行；進展 
  *Work on the project is progressing steadily, so we expect it to be finished on time. 
  這個建案穩定進行中，所以我們期待它可以準時完工。 
  [反義]regress vi. 退步；退化 
  2. preservation  n. [U] 維護；保存 
  [搭配]preservation of sth. 保護某事物
  *The ---- ---- this dying language is important, as it is part of our traditional culture and history. 
  保存這個凋零中的語言很重要，因為它是我們傳統文化及歷史的一部分。 
  [補充]preservative n. [C] 防腐劑 
  preserve  vt. 維護；保留 
  *While we have updated most parts of the house, we have made sure to preserve its original character. 
  我們重新裝潢了房子的大部分，但是有確認保留它原本的風貌。 
  3. glimpse  n. [C] 短暫的體驗、感受 
  [搭配]a glimpse of sth. 短暫體驗、感受某事物 
  *This documentary offers ---- ---- ---- the challenges women faced in the early 1800s and how they had to fight for their rights. 
  這支紀錄片展示了1800年代初期女性面對的挑戰，以及她們如何必須為其權利而戰的情形。 
  glimpse  n. usually sing. 一瞥；一眼 
  [搭配]catch a glimpse of 看......一眼 
p.66
  *Since Ronnie only ---- ---- ---- ---- the woman in the elevator, he couldn’t tell whether she was the new manager or not. 
  因為Ronnie 在電梯中只看了那個女人一眼，他無法認出她是否是新來的經理。 
  [同義]glance n. [C] 瞥一眼
  4. identity  n. [U] 認同 
  [搭配]sense of identity 認同感 
  *Parents can help their children develop a ---- ---- ---- by teaching them about their family background and culture. 
  父母可以藉由教導小孩關於其家庭背景和文化來幫助他們塑造認同感。 
  identity  n. [C] 身分 
  [搭配]identity of sb. 某人的身分 
  *The police are still working to determine the ---- ---- the man who tried to break into the house. 
  警方還在查明企圖闖入這間房子的男子的身分。 
  [補充]identify vt. 認出；辨識 
  5. development  n. [U] 發展 
  *Over the last decade, the country has seen great development thanks to new policies and good international relationships. 
  過去十年來，因為新的政策和良好的國際關係，這個國家見證了很好的發展。 
  [補充]develop vi. 發展（= advance, improve, progress） 
  [同義]advancement n. [U] 發展（= improvement, progress） 
  6. treasure  n. usually pl. 瑰寶（尤指歷史或藝術珍品） 
  [搭配]national treasure 國寶 
  *Kinkaku-ji, or the Temple of the Golden Pavilion, is one of Japan’s ---- ---- and a must-see for any tourist. 
  金閣寺是日本國寶之一，也是任何遊客必看的景點。 
  treasure  n. [U] 寶藏；金銀財寶 
  [搭配]buried treasure 埋藏的寶藏 
  *If we keep digging in the sand, maybe we will find some ---- ----. 
  *如果我們一直在沙中挖掘，也許我們將會發現一些埋藏的寶藏。 
  [補充]treasured adj. 珍愛的；珍藏的 
p.67
  treasure  vt. 珍視；珍藏 
  *Eric really treasures this old watch because it was a gift from his grandfather. 
  Eric 非常珍視這只舊錶，因為它是他祖父給他的禮物。 
  [同義]cherish vt. 珍藏 
  7. replace  vt. 取代；代替 
  [搭配]replace A with B 用 B 取代A 
  *If you don’t eat meat, you can ---- the pork in this recipe ---- tofu.---- ---- 
  如果你不吃肉，你可以把這份食譜中的豬肉用豆腐取代。 
  replacement  n. [C] 替換物；代替者 
  *The microwave Sally just bought was broken, so she took it back to the store to get a replacement. 
  Sally 剛買的微波爐壞了，所以她帶回去店裡更換。 
  [補充]replacement n. [U] 替換；更換 
  8. endanger  vt. 危及；危害 
  *The nearby factory has been polluting the river, which endangers the lives of creatures living in or near the water. 
  附近的那間工廠一直汙染這條河川，這危害生活在水中或水邊生物的性命。 
  [補充]endangered adj. 有危險的；瀕臨滅絕的 
  9. abundance  n. sing., [U] 大量；豐盛 
  [搭配]an abundance of sth. 大量的某事物 
  *According to the weather forecast, there will be ---- ---- ---- snow on the mountain next week, which is good news for local ski resorts. 
  根據氣象預測，下週山上會降下大量的雪，這對當地滑雪度假勝地是好消息。 
  [搭配]in abundance 大量；豐盛 
  *Apples grow ---- ---- in this area, so locals use them in a variety of recipes. 
  這個地區盛產蘋果，所以當地人將它們用於各式各樣的食譜裡。 
  abundant  adj. 大量的；豐盛的 
  *The country is lucky to have an abundant water supply, thanks to its many lakes. 
  因為這個國家的許多湖泊，所以很幸運有著豐沛的水資源。 
  [補充]abundantly adv. 大量地；豐盛地 
  [反義]scarce adj. 稀少的 
p.68
  10. campaign  n. [C] （尤指政治、商業或軍事的）活動；運動
  [搭配]advertising campaign 廣告宣傳活動 
  *The ---- ---- included a television commercial and print advertisements in magazines and newspapers. 
  這個廣告宣傳活動包括了電視廣告和雜誌報紙上的平面廣告。 
  campaign  vi. 參加或領導某運動 
  [搭配]campaign for/against sth. 從事或發起支持╱反對某事的運動 
  *The group is ---- ---- a change to the labor laws to reduce the maximum working hours. 
  這個團體正策動要對勞工法修法的活動以降低最高工作時數。 
  11. conclude  vt. 作出結論；斷定 
  [搭配]conclude that + S + V 斷定...... 
  *After running several tests, the doctor ---- ---- Julie had a rare heart disease. 
  經過數種檢查，醫生確診Julie罹患了一種罕見心臟病。 
  [補充]conclude vi. 結束 
  conclusion  n. [C] 結論 
  [搭配]come to the conclusion that + S + V 得出結論是...... 
  *After thinking over all the facts for a long time, the detective ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- the death really was an accident. 
  長時間思考過所有事實後，這名警探得出結論，這起死亡其實是個意外。 
  12. transport  vt. （用交通工具）運輸；輸送 
  *Finished products are transported by truck from the factory to stores across the country. 
  製作完成的貨品由卡車從工廠運送至全國各地的商店。 
  transportation  n. [U] 交通工具 
  [搭配]mode of transportation 交通工具 
  *My car is my main ---- ---- ----, but I also take the bus occasionally. 
  我的車是我的主要交通工具，不過我偶爾也會搭公車。 
  [補充]transportation n. [U] 交通；運輸；運送 
p.69---- 
  13. situated  adj. 位於；坐落在 
  *This apartment is situated on the town’s main road, so it is not very quiet. 
  這間公寓位於城裡的主要道路上，所以它並不僻靜。 
  situate  vt. 使坐落於 
  [搭配]situate sth. + adv./prep. 使某物坐落於...... 
  *It is best to ---- the tree ---- an area that receives enough sunlight throughout the day. 
  這棵樹最好種在整個白天可獲取充足陽光的一個區域。 
  14. drown  vt. 淹沒 
  *The small village was drowned by the heavy flood, causing dozens of deaths and hundreds of injuries. 
  這個小村被這場大洪水淹沒，造成幾十人死亡、數百人受傷。 
  drown  vi. vt. （使）溺斃 
  *A two-year-old boy almost drowned after falling into a lake, but thankfully his father saved him in time. 
  一個兩歲大的小男孩掉入湖裡後差點溺斃，但幸好他的父親及時救了他。 
  *Last year’s flood not only destroyed hundreds of buildings but also drowned a dozen people. 
  去年的洪水不僅摧毀數百棟的建築物也使得十幾人溺斃。 
  [補充]look like a drowned rat 像落湯雞?樣 
  15. spare  vt. 使避免 
  [搭配]spare sb. sth. 使某人免於某事 
  *Buying a microwave would ---- you ---- ---- of reheating food on the stove. 
  買個微波爐就可以使你免去在火爐上加熱食物的麻煩。 
  spare  vt. 抽空；撥出 
  [搭配]spare + 一段時間 撥出?段時間 
  *I know you’re very busy this morning, but can you ---- ---- ---- ----? I have something important to discuss with you. 
  我知道你今天早上很忙，但是你可以撥出幾分鐘嗎？我有要事得跟你討論。 
  [補充]（1） spare no effort 不遺餘力（+ to VR） 
  （2） spare adj. 空閒的；空餘的 
p.70 
  16. priceless  adj. 極珍貴的；極重要的 
  *The museum houses several priceless works of art, including the famous painting, the Mona Lisa. 
  這個博物館珍藏了一些價值連城的藝術品，包括名畫《蒙娜麗莎》。 
  [同義]invaluable adj. 無價的（= valuable, treasured, cherished） 
  [反義]valueless adj. 不值錢的（= worthless） 
  17. relieve  vt. 緩解；減輕 
  [搭配]relieve stress/pain/anxiety 減輕壓力╱痛苦╱焦慮 
  *Going for a run or walk outside is a great way to ---- the ---- from work. 
  去戶外跑步或是散步是緩解工作壓力的好方法。 
  relief  n. sing., [U] （不快後的）解脫；寬心 
  [搭配]It is a relief to VR 做......令人感到輕鬆 
  *---- ---- ---- huge ---- ---- ---- that my grandmother was going to make a full recovery. 
  得知我的祖母即將完全康復真是令人鬆一口氣。 
  [搭配]feel a sense of relief 感到輕鬆 
  *When Greg found out that the date of the test had been moved back, he ---- ---- huge ---- ---- ----. 
  當Greg發現考試日期被延後時，心裡輕鬆不少。 
  18. urban  adj. 城市的；都市的 
  [搭配]urban renewal 都市更新 
  *---- ---- projects have improved the city’s appearance and provided people with a better living environment. 
  都市更新計畫改善了這個都市的風貌，並提供人民更好的居住環境。 
  [反義]rural adj. 鄉村的 
  19. resident  n. [C] 居民；住戶
  [搭配]local resident 當地居民 
  *The ---- ---- support the construction of the theme park. They think it can boost the local economy. 
  當地居民支持建造主題樂園。他們認為它可以振興當地經濟。 
  [補充]residential adj. 住宅的；適合居住的 
p.71---- 
  residence  n. [C] 住所；宅第 
  [搭配]official residence 官邸 
  *Buckingham Palace has served as the ---- ---- of Britain’s head of state since 1837. 
  自1837 年起，白金漢宮就作為英國國家元首的官邸。 
  20. crucial  adj. 至關重要的；決定性的 
  [搭配]play a crucial role in sth. 在某事中扮演至關重要的角色 
  *Teachers ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- the education and lives of the students that they teach. 
  教師在其所教導的學生之教育和生活中扮演至關重要的角色。 
  [同義]vital adj. 至關重要的 
  21.  urgent  adj. 緊急的；緊迫的 
  [搭配]in urgent need of sth. 急需某物 
  *This man is ---- ---- ---- ---- medical attention and needs to get to the hospital quickly. 
  這個男人急需治療，需要快點去醫院。 
  urgency  n. [U] 緊迫 
  [搭配]matter of urgency 迫切之事 
  *Fixing the bridge is a ---- ---- ----, as people cannot leave or enter the town without it. 
  修理這座橋梁是迫切之事，因為人們沒有它便無法進出該城鎮。 
  22. enormous  adj. 極大的；龐大的 
  *The actor owns an enormous three-story mansion with a home theater and a rooftop pool. 
  這個演員擁有一棟三層樓的豪宅，附有一個家庭電影院及屋頂泳池。 
  [同義]huge adj. 巨大的 
  23. mission  n. [C] 任務 
  *During their space mission to Mars, the astronauts explored the planet and looked for signs of life. 
  在前往火星的太空任務期間，太空人探勘這個行星，並找尋生命的跡象。 
  [補充]（1） on a mission to VR 執行做......的任務 
  （2） mission n. [C] 天職；使命 
p.72
  24. fond [f?nd] adj. 快樂美好的；深情的
  [搭配]fond farewell 深情的告別 
  *Julie bid a ---- ---- to her friend and promised to visit her again  
  soon. 
  Julie深情地向朋友道別，答應很快會再來看她。 
  [同義]affectionate adj. 充滿感情的 
  fond [f?nd] adj. 喜愛......的 
  [搭配]be fond of 喜愛...... 
  *My roommate and I didn’t get along at first, but I’ve grown ---- ---- him over these years. 
  起初我室友與我相處得不好，但是這幾年來我愈來愈喜歡他了。 
  [補充]fondness n. sing. 喜愛；喜歡 
　　
  〔單字測驗〕
  ---- 1. Nowadays, a lot of teenagers do not know what cassette players are because they have been r----ed by MP3 players. 
  ---- 2. This country is so blessed to have an a----e of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and iron. 
  ---- 3. Consuming too much sugar not only leads to weight gain but also e----rs your health. It puts you at a higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. 
  ---- 4. After a one-month advertising c----n, the company’s new products were suddenly selling like hotcakes. 
  ---- 5. Seeing her students making steady p----s makes Miss Chen feel satisfied and encouraged.  
  ---- 6. In the end, the lecturer c----ed her speech by summarizing and repeating the most important messages in her presentation. 
  ---- 7. Unable to find a sense of i----y in his work, Kevin has difficulty feeling connected and has no intention of holding down a job. 
  ---- 8. To be on the safe side, out on the freeway Jerry usually keeps a safe distance from the trucks that t----t oil or gravel. 
  ---- 9. There is always a conflict between environmental p----n and economic growth. Compromises are hard to reach.  
p.73
  ---- 10. You should not always take painkillers to r----e your headaches. What you need is a thorough checkup to find out what’s causing them. 
  ---- 11. Local r----ts are complaining about the pollution brought in by visitors from other counties. 
  ---- 12. The news that priceless t----es were stolen from the Green Vault, one of Europe’s oldest museums, shocked the world. 
  ---- 13. Because of the accident, Owen had to have an operation, so it was u----t that we contact his family first. 
  ---- 14. The government put forward a d----t project, hoping to offer more job opportunities and boost the local economy.  
  ---- 15. The firefighter showed e---- s courage when he rushed into the burning building and rescued the old man in a wheelchair.  
　　
  PART C
  Idioms and Phrases
　　
  〔片語介紹〕
  1. strike a balance （在對立之下）取得平衡 
  [說明]本片語意為「在相互衝突或對立的兩件事情之間取得平衡」；常搭配的用法為 strike a balance between A and B。 
  *Howard is trying to ---- ---- ---- ---- his work and his family life, for both are important to him. 
  Howard 試圖在他的工作及家庭生活間取得平衡，因為兩者對他都很重要。 
  2. in the end 最終 
  [說明]本片語為轉折語，引導出事情最後的結果，或經過思考、考慮之後所做出的結果。 
  *Larry and his wife thought about going away for the long weekend, but ---- ---- ---- they decided to stay home. 
  Larry 和他妻子想過週末長假時出去玩，但最後決定留在家裡。 
  3. in need of 需要 
  [說明]本片語常與be動詞連用，亦可在in和need之間加上如urgent、desperate等形容詞，表達「需要」的程度，使語意更豐富。 
p.74
  *Many homes were destroyed in the earthquake, leaving thousands of people ---- ---- ---- food and shelter. 
  許多家園在這場地震中被摧毀，讓數千人需要食物及避難處。 
  4. as a whole 總體上；整個來看 
  [說明]本片語用於表達把某事物視為一個完整的單位來看，而非分開的個體。 
  *Although there are still problems in some areas, the city has, ---- ---- ----, become much safer. 
  雖然某些地區仍有問題，這個城市整體來看已經變得更加安全得多。 
  5. all in all 從各方面考慮；總的說來 
  [說明]本片語用於表達考慮一件事情或情況的各方面之後，得出的結論。 
  *Despite some problems with registration, ---- ---- ----, the conference was a success. 
  儘管註冊有些問題，總的來說這場會議很成功。 
  6. on track 進展順利；進展如預期 
  [說明]本片語意為「有進展；有可能成功」，常搭配用法為be on track to V 或be on track for sth.。 
  *Anthony has been accepted into medical school and is---- ---- to become a doctor. 
  Anthony 已被醫學院錄取，正踏上成為一位醫生之途。 
  7. clear out 把......清空；丟掉 
  [說明]本片語意為「將某地不需要的東西清除或清理，使其變得整潔」。 
  *Every couple of months, my mom ---- ---- the fridge and gets rid of any food that has gone bad. 
  每幾個月，我媽媽就會將冰箱清空並丟掉任何壞掉的食物。 
  8. make way （for） 讓路、讓出位置（給......） 
  [說明]本片語有兩個主要意思：（1）讓路、讓出位置（給某人或某物）；（2）讓位給（更新、好的事物）。 
  *The clerks moved the summer clothes to the back of the store to ---- ---- ---- the new fall clothing. 
  店員們將夏天的衣服移至店鋪後方，以騰出位置給新的秋天服飾。 
p.75
  9. depend on 取決於；視......而定 
  [說明]depend on作為「取決於；視......而定」時，意指「受......的影響」，on後可接名詞（片語）或名詞子句。depend on也可作「依靠；信賴」之義，與rely on同義；用法為depend/rely on + 對象 + for N/to VR，表「依賴......對象以取得某物／做某事」。 
  *The total cost of the trip will ---- ---- which hotel one chooses to  
  stay in. 
  旅行的總費用將取決於選擇入住哪一間飯店。 
　　
  〔片語測驗〕
  1. 儘管天氣不好，但總的來說，這次度假我們玩得很開心。 
  Despite the bad weather, ---- ---- ---- , we had a great time on our vacation. 
  2. 在旺季到來之前，這間具有歷史意義的旅館需要徹底打掃一番。 
  This historic hotel is ---- ---- ---- a thorough clean-up before the high season arrives. 
  3. 在世界各地擁有五十家高檔餐廳，李先生正踏上成為億萬富翁之途。 
  Having 50 high-end restaurants worldwide, Mr. Lee is ---- ---- ---- ---- a billionaire. 
  4. 這座森林有部分會被砍掉，以空出土地給公路和度假村。  
  Parts of the forest will be cut down to ---- ---- ---- highways and resorts. 
  5. 最後，Taylor夫婦考慮了幾個月之後，決定為了孩子們的緣故搬到鄉下去。 
  ---- ---- ----, after months of consideration, Mr. and Mrs.Taylor decided to move to the countryside for the sake of their children.  
  6. 這所大學要求學生在離開學校前要清空他們的宿舍房間。 
  This university requires that students ---- ---- their dorm rooms before they leave school.  
  7. 如果你為了享受社團活動而蹺課，你應該思考如何在學業和課外活動間取得平衡。 
  If you skip classes in order to enjoy club activities, you should think about how to  ---- ---- ---- ---- your studies and extracurricular activities. 
  8. 此項政策對整個觀光產業將大有益處。 
  The policy will be of great benefit to the tourism industry ---- ---- ----. 
p.76
  9. Amy可獲得的獎學金名額，取決於其考試成績與本年度各大學的可用經費。 
  How many scholarships Amy will receive d---- ---- her exam scores and each university’s available funding this year. 
　　
  PART D
  Sentence Patterns
　　
  〔句型開講〕
  1  It is necessary/essential/important/crucial/vital/critical/urgent that S （+ should） + VR.... 
  [說明]（1） 此句型用於表達說話者對某動作或行為強烈的看法或態度。適用於此句型的形容詞多為表示重要性或急迫度，此類形容詞常見的有： 
    （a） 表「必要的」：necessary、essential 
    （b） 表「重要的」：important、crucial、vital、critical 
    （c） 表「緊急的」：urgent 
  （2） that 引導的子句，動詞須使用「原形動詞」或「should + 原形動詞」。 
  *It is urgent that the patient （should） be sent to the hospital for emergency care. 
  那名病患迫切需要被送到醫院進行緊急救護。 
  *It is necessary that the plane （should） undergo all possible safety checks before it takes off. 
  飛機在起飛前必須經過所有可能的安全檢查。 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  ---- 1. It is crucial that the project---- quickly and correctly. 
  （A） do 
  （B） did 
  （C） done
  （D） be done  
  ---- 2. It is critical that Jane---- action to realize her dream. 
  （A） taking 
  （B） takes 
  （C） took 
  （D） take 
  3. 警方的當務之急是搜索這房子的每個角落，以找出那名嫌疑犯的指紋。 
  It is ---- that the police ---- every corner of the house to find the  
  fingerprints of the suspect. 
  4.Every student keeps the classroom neat and tidy.（以 It is important that....改寫） 
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p.77
  5. 我們偶爾接近大自然是很必要的。（It is...that....）
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  2  wh- （+ S） + V 
  [說明]（1） wh-疑問詞引導的名詞子句結構為「wh-疑問詞 + S + V」；若 wh-疑問詞本身即是名詞子句的主詞時，結構為「wh-疑問詞 + V」。 
  （2） wh-疑問詞包括：疑問代名詞who、what、which、whom，以及疑問副詞how、when、where、whether。 
  （3） wh-疑問詞引導的名詞子句可置於動詞或介系詞後當受詞，也可置於某些形容詞後，如：sure、certain 等。 
  （4） wh-疑問詞引導的名詞子句當主詞時，視為第三人稱單數，因此後面的動詞用單數動詞。 
  （5） whether 子句置於動詞、介系詞或形容詞後時，whether可與if互換。須留意，if與or not一起使用時，or not 只能放句尾，不可緊連if。 
  （6） whether 子句當主詞時，whether 不可與if代換。 
  *Many people want to see how the president is going to handle the crisis. 
  許多人想要看這位總統將如何處理這個危機。 
  *The kind police officer told us where the train station was. 
  這個好心的警員告訴我們火車站在哪裡。 
  *Nobody knows what the man does for a living. 
  沒有人知道這個男子靠什麼維生。 
  *Although William was not sure whether/if Nancy would accept his proposal or not, he still plucked up the courage to pop the question. 
  → Although William was not sure whether or not Nancy would accept his proposal, he still plucked up the courage to pop the question.（不可替換為 if or not） 
  雖然William 並不確定Nancy是否會答應他的求婚，他仍然鼓起勇氣向她求婚。 
  *Whether （or not） the new system will work depends on all our efforts.（不可替換為 If） 
  這個新的系統是否行得通取決於我們所有的努力。 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  ---- 1. Darren is very curious about ----.
  （A） how could that happen 
  （B） how that could happen 
  （C） could that happen 
  （D） that happened 
p.78
  ---- 2.---- this temple was built by the Romans is still a mystery to historians. 
  （A） If 
  （B） What 
  （C） Because 
  （D） Whether 
  3. 可以請你告訴我你在想什麼嗎？ 
  Could you please tell me ---- ---- on your mind? 
  4.  
  \{\The doctors don’t know that.（以 S + V + wh 子句合併） 
  \{\How effective can the new medicine be? 
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  5. Toby 是否會改變他的心意對我而言不重要（matter）。 
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  〔句型測驗〕
  1. 這個工程專案進展順利至關重要。（It....） 
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  2. 我們的支持者想知道爭取薪資平等（equal pay）的運動何時會取得進展。
  →-------- 
  3. 許多國家迫切在發展和保存之間取得平衡。（It....） 
  →--------
  4. 許多人不確定自己未來在工作上是否會被AI機器人取代。 
  →--------
  5. 政府有必要提供及時的救援，以減輕災區居民的壓力。（It....） 
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