p.29
  Boat Schools:Making Waves in Education
　　　
  〔課文圖像筆記〕
　　
  （圖）
  On top of the boat is a weatherproof roof with arched metal beams and solar panels.
  The goal of the boat school was to provide elementary school children in Bangladesh with education throughout the year.
  accommodation: 30 students 
  basic education: up to the 4th grade.
　　
  For kids:
  Morning →They are picked up to study traditional subjects and enVironmental topics in a three-hour session.
  Night→They receive solar lanterns that enable them to study at night.
　　
  For adults:
  1. on-board training in practical issues
  *nutrition
  *health and hygiene
  *human rights
  2 various farming techniques
  *growing flood-resistant crops
  3. lessons on
  financial management
　　
  Boat classrooms have provided brighter futures for people living in countries that frequently suffer from severe flooding.
p.30
  PART A
  Reading Selection
　　
  〔課文解析〕
　　
  Paragraph 1 
  “1[Instead of] the students going to school, the school reaches them.”--Mohammed Rezwan 
  Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, 2[suffers from] terrible monsoons every year. Around one 
  third of the country is flooded during the rainy season. These major floods [cause roads to] 4[get 
  blocked] and thousands of schools to shut their doors for months at a time.5[As a result], many 
  children 6[are] often denied 7[access to] proper schooling. 8[Fortunately], an innovative architect 9[named Mohammed Rezwan] has 10[come up with] an appropriate and promising solution: boat schools! 
  「不是學生去學校，而是學校來找學生。」 --穆罕默德．雷茲萬 
  孟加拉是位於南亞的國家，每一年都遭逢可怕的雨季。全國大約三分之一的地區在雨季會淹水。這些大洪水造成道路阻塞，數以千計的學校一次就關閉好幾個月。結果許多兒童無法得到適當的就學管道。幸運的是，有一位名叫穆罕默德．雷茲萬的創新建築師已經想出了一個合適而且大有可為的解決方式：水上學校！ 
　　
  [1]instead of + N/V-ing 不是......（反而......） 
  *Mike 沒有責罵兒子犯了一個無心之過，而是教他下次如何做得更好。 
  ---- ---- scolding his son for making a careless mistake, Mike taught him how to do better next time. 
　　
  [2]suffer from 罹患......（疾病）；遭受......（不好的處境） 
  *每年有許多人罹患流感，尤其是當天氣變冷的時候。 
  Every year, many people ---- ---- the flu, especially when the weather turns cold. 
　　
  [3]cause + O + to VR 造成......做...... 
  *這週繁忙的行程讓Ivy在下班後錯過了一些瑜伽課。 
  The busy schedule this week ---- Ivy ---- ---- some yoga classes after work. 
p.31
  [4]「get + 過去分詞」是一種被動語態的表達方式，強調動作或結果。而「be動詞 + 過去分詞」的被動語態則偏向事實的陳述。 
  *我媽媽在擁擠的市場裡買東西時，她的錢包被偷了。 
  My mother’s purse ---- ---- while she was shopping in the crowded market.
　　 
  [5]as a result 為轉承語，表「結果；因此」，用來帶出前文導致的結果。 
  *我今天早上發高燒；因此，我打電話給導師，告訴她我今天要請病假。 
  I had a high fever this morning; ---- ---- ----, I called my homeroom teacher and told her that I would take sick leave today. 
　　
  [6]deny 表「拒絕給予」，其用法為：deny + sb. + sth. = deny + sth. + to + sb.。課文為被動語態的寫法：sb. + be denied + sth. = sth. + be denied + to + sb.。 
  *沒有家長的請假單，學校拒絕許可那位學生早退。 
  The school ---- the student permission to leave early without a parent’s note.
  = The school ---- permission to leave early ---- the student without a parent’s note. 
  *由於身分認定問題，難民們被拒絕入境那個國家。 
  Due to identification problems, the refugees ---- ---- entry into the country. 
  = Due to identification problems, entry into the country ---- ---- ---- the refugees. 
　　
  [7]access to N 使用......的途徑／管道／權利 
  *只有這間健身房的VIP會員才能使用水療池和蒸汽室。 
  Only VIP members of this gym ---- ---- ---- the spa pool and the steam room. 
　　
  [8]fortunately 為轉承語，表「幸運的是」，用來引出令人寬慰或開心的狀況。 
  *Sam 正在打報告時電腦當機。幸運的是，他在幾分鐘前已經存檔。 
  The computer crashed while Sam was working on his project. ----, he had saved the file minutes earlier. 
　　
  [9]named Mohammed Rezwan 為形容詞子句簡化而來的分詞片語，原句為...an innovative architect who/that is named Mohammed Rezwan....。is named 為被動語態，簡化成分詞片語時，需使用過去分詞。 
  *這個展覽所展出的畫作來自紐約的大都會藝術博物館。 
  The paintings ---- in this exhibition come from the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. 
p.32
  [10]come up with 想出  [同]think up, think of 
  *Betty 因為在課堂上想出了一個創新點子而受到老師的稱讚。 
  Betty was praised by her teacher because she ---- ---- ---- an innovative idea in class. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  畢業後，Anna選擇在一所大學當一名研究助理，[而不是]出國留學。她正在進行複雜的研究，這[讓]她[感到]焦慮。為了進行這項研究，她迫切需要[保存]在機密資料庫中的一些數據。但是，作為一名助理，她[無法存取]資料。結果，她[想出了]一個駭入系統的計畫。雖然她成功下載所需要的資料，她卻開始對自己所做的事情產生罪惡感。她甚至好幾個星期[受]失眠[所苦]，擔心可能[被抓]去坐牢。最後，她向上司坦承過錯，並承諾會辭去工作。[幸運的是]，她的上司並未報警；而是希望她離開後重新做人。Anna決定在往後的人生中改過自新。 
  After graduating, Anna chose to work as a research assistant in a college ---- ---- studying abroad. She was working on complicated research, which ---- her ---- ---- anxious. To conduct the research, she was in desperate need of some data ---- in a confidential database. However, as an assistant, she ---- ---- ---- it. ---- ---- ----, she ---- ---- ---- a plan to hack into the system. Though she successfully downloaded the data she needed, she started to feel guilty about what she had done. She even ---- ---- insomnia for weeks, worried that she might ---- ---- and sent to prison. Finally, she admitted her wrongdoing to her supervisor and promised to quit her job. ----, her supervisor didn’t call the police; instead, he wanted her to turn over a new leaf after she left the job. Anna decided to mend her ways for the rest of her life.
　　 
  Paragraph 2 
  The boat school program was launched in 2002 by Rezwan. Its goal was 11[to provide] elementary school children in Bangladesh [with] education throughout the year. The design of the boats is based on 12[that] of traditional local wooden boats called noka. Each boat is about fifteen meters long and three meters wide. 13[On top of] the boat is a weatherproof roof held up by arched metal beams. 14[If the roof were not built] with such strong materials, the boat [would] be damaged by heavy monsoon rains. Inside, the boat school looks just like a regular school. 15[It’s equipped with] tables, chairs, a blackboard, electronic equipment, and multimedia resources, 16[including] a computer 17[connected to] the Internet. All the power needed on the boat is supplied by solar panels installed on the roof. Each 
  boat school can accommodate 18[as many as] thirty students and provide basic education 19[up to] thefourth grade. 
p.33
  雷茲萬於2002年發起水上學校計畫。其目標是一年到頭提供教育給孟加拉的小學生。船隻的設計是根據叫做noka的傳統當地木造船。每一艘船大約十五公尺長，三公尺寬。在船的上方有拱形金屬樑所支撐的防風雨的船頂。如果船頂不是用這麼堅固的材料建造，船隻就會被雨季的大雨破壞。船的內部看起來就像一般的學校。它配備著桌子、椅子、黑板、電子設備及多媒體資源，包括可以上網的電腦。船上所需要的一切電力是由安裝在船頂的太陽能面板供應。每一艘船可以容納多達三十名學生，並提供直到小四的基礎教育。
　　
  [11]
  （1） 不定詞片語to provide...the year放在be動詞後面，作主詞補語說明主詞Its goal。 
  *Lisa的夢想是成為一位職業舞者。Lisa’s dream is ---- ---- a professional dancer. 
  （2） provide + sb. + with + sth. = provide + sth. + for + sb. 提供某物給某人 
   這家新創公司為員工提供免費餐點和托育服務。
  *The startup company ---- its employees ---- free meals and babysitting services. 
  = The startup company ---- free meals and babysitting services ---- its employees.
　　 
  [12]在比較兩個同類型的事物時，that用於代替先前提過的「單數名詞（片語）」或「不可數名詞（片語）」，這裡的that代替前面的The design。those則用於代替先前提過的「複數名詞（片語）」。 
  *這輛超跑的價格甚至高於一間豪宅的價格。
  The price of this supercar is even higher than ---- of a mansion. 
  *短暫討論之後，老師要我們比較自己的和同學們的答案。
  After a short period of discussion, the teacher wanted us to compare our answers with ---- of our classmates.
　　 
  [13]本句為地方副詞片語置於句首的倒裝句。原句為A weatherproof roof held up by arched metal beams is on top of the boat.，因主詞a weatherproof roof held up by arched metal beams太長，為避免頭重腳輕，故使用倒裝句。 
  *教室外面站著一群等著老師的學生。
  ---- ---- ---- ---- a group of students waiting for the teacher. 
　　
  [14]本句為「與現在事實相反的假設語氣」，句型為If + S + V-ed/were..., S + would/could/might + VR....，用來假設船頂若不是用目前這麼堅固的材料建造可能發生的結果。此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  *如果我是你，我會當面道歉，而不是傳文字訊息。
  If I ---- you, I ---- apologize face to face instead of sending a text  message. 
p.34
  [15] be equipped with 裝備；配備 
  *這棟建築物裡所有的辦公室都配備了反監控裝置。
  All of the offices in this building ---- ---- ---- counter  surveillance devices. 
　　
  [16]including prep. 包括  [反]excluding 
  *這款智慧型手機提供許多實用功能，包括高畫質相機和持久電池。
  The smartphone offers many useful features, ---- a high-quality camera and a  long-lasting battery. 
　　
  [17]be connected to 連接到（電源、水源、網路） 
  *只要你的電子裝置能連到網路，你就能取得雲端硬碟上的所有文件。
  You can access all the documents on the cloud drive as long as your electronic device ---- ---- the Internet. 
　　
  [18]as many as表「多達」，後面接「數量 + 複數名詞」。 
  *這場毀滅性的海嘯使多達兩百位村民受了傷。
  The devastating tsunami left ---- ---- ---- two hundred villagers injured. 
　　
  [19]up to表「直到......」，等於until，後面接某個時間或階段。up to亦表「最多有......」，後面接數值或程度。 
  *這家餐廳每逢週末會營業到午夜。
  The restaurant is open ---- ---- midnight on weekends. 
  *這座體育場在演唱會時最多可容納五萬人。
  The stadium can hold ---- ---- 50,000 people for a concert. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
　　
  1. Mary打算跟她的朋友們吃晚餐。她發現有一家五星級飯店[為]顧客[提供]美味的餐點和便宜的住宿。此外，他們的服務比其他飯店的[服務]好。這個優惠已經吸引了[多達]一千名顧客，所以Mary和她的朋友們毫不猶豫地預訂了。辦理入住手續時，接待人員告訴她們飯店[配備了]免費無線網路。在裝潢華麗的餐廳享用了一頓可口的飯菜後，她們感到放鬆和滿足。Mary拿出她的智慧型手機，確認它已經[連接上了]網路。她在Instagram上發布了一張照片，說道：「[若我們沒有住在]這家飯店，[就不會]有這段美妙的經歷。」 
  Mary planned to have dinner with her friends. She found that there was a five-star hotel that ---- customers ---- delicious meals and cheap accommodation. Moreover, their service was better than ---- of other hotels. The discount had appealed to ---- ---- ---- one thousand customers, so Mary and her friends made a reservation without hesitation. When they checked in, the receptionist told them the hotel ---- ---- ---- free Wi-Fi. After they had a tasty meal in the luxuriously decorated restaurant, they felt relaxed and content. Mary took out her smartphone 
p.35
  and made sure that it ---- ---- ---- the Internet. She posted a picture on Instagram, saying that “ ---- ---- ---- ---- in this hotel, we ---- have this wonderful experience.”
　　 
  2. Eric的夢想是[造訪]世界上所有著名的歷史遺跡。某天，他在瀏覽旅遊網站時，被一張德國城堡的驚豔照片深深吸引。[在山丘上矗立著]一座被雲霧環繞的古老城堡，這畫面營造出一種神祕的氛圍。根據網站的介紹，城堡裡收藏了許多珍寶，[包括]畫作、雕塑和古老地圖，這些都訴說著它悠久的歷史。夏季時，城堡每天對遊客開放[直到]晚上六點，讓訪客有充裕的時間探索它的美麗。受到城堡壯麗景色的感動，Eric更加堅定要親眼見到它的決心，所以他立刻訂了機票。
  Eric’s dream was ---- ---- all the famous historical sites in the world. One day, while browsing a travel website, he was captivated by a stunning photo of a castle in Germany. ---- ---- ---- ---- an old castle surrounded by clouds, which created a mysterious atmosphere. According to the website, the castle contained many treasures,---- paintings, sculptures, and ancient maps, all of which told its long history. During the summer, the castle was open to tourists every day ---- ---- six o’clock in the evening, giving visitors plenty of time to explore its beauty. Inspired by the splendor of the castle, Eric felt even more determined to see it in person, so he immediately booked a flight. 
　　
  Paragraph 3 
  Every morning, six days a week, students 20[wait] at the docks near their muddy villages [for] the boat schools to sail by and 21[pick them up]. 22[Aside from] traditional subjects, students also study environmental topics like biodiversity and water pollution. Each learning session lasts three hours. When the session is over, each boat takes the students back to their village and then sails on to the next village to pick up another thirty students for another session. After school, many students receive low-cost solar lanterns that 23[enable them to] study at night. Also, in the evenings, the boat schools project educational films onto large sailcloth, 24[which] 25[allows] nearby villagers [to] watch from the open areas outside their homes. 
  每天早晨，每週六天，學生們在他們泥濘村莊附近的碼頭等候水上學校開過來接他們。除了傳統的科目之外，學生們也研讀環境議題，如生物多樣性及水汙染。每次上課歷時三小時。課程結束後，這些船就各自把學生載回村莊，然後繼續開往下一個村莊，接另一批三十位學生，進行另一堂課程。放學後，許多學生拿到低成本的太陽能提燈，讓他們晚上可以讀書。此外，在傍晚，水上學校也將教育影片投映在大型帆布上，這讓住在附近的村民得以從住家外面的空地觀看。 
　　
  [20]wait for + O + to VR 等待......做...... 
  *那些觀光客們正在機場等領隊來為他們辦理報到手續。
  The travelers are ---- at the airport ---- their tour leader ---- help them check in. 
p.36
  [21]pick sb. up （開交通工具）接某人 
  *我七點會來接你，這樣我們就可以一起去派對。 
  I’ll ---- ---- ---- at seven so that we can go to the party together. 
　　
  [22]aside from 除......之外（還有）  [同]apart from, besides, in addition to 
  *除了一雙靴子，Claire還在購物中心買了一件洋裝和一條圍巾。 
  ---- ---- a pair of boots, Claire also bought a dress and a scarf at the shopping mall. 
　　
  [23]enable + O + to VR 使......能夠做...... 
  *作為一名口譯員使我能夠跟上許多專業領域的最新發展。 
  Being an interpreter ---- me ---- keep abreast of the latest developments in many professional fields. 
　　
  [24]此處的which 指前面the boat schools project educational films onto large sailcloth 整個子句，此時which 為非限定用法，前面要有逗號。 
  *電力中斷了三小時，這為附近地區造成許多困擾。 
  The electricity went out for three hours, ---- caused a lot of trouble in the neighborhood. 
　　
  [25]allow + O + to VR 讓......可以做...... 
  *這款應用程式讓使用者可以輕鬆追蹤每天的運動情況。 
  The app ---- its users ---- track their daily exercise easily. 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
　　
  1. 我暗戀Alan 很久了。在我眼裡，他就像夜空中最亮的星星一樣耀眼。在我決定跟他告白後，[除了]製作
  一張卡片[以外]，我還為他譜了一首歌。情人節那天，我在教室前[等他出來]。互相打過招呼後，我們一起
  走回家，我緊張地為他唱了這首歌。他臉上的喜悅[讓]我[能夠]鼓起勇氣把我準備好的卡片送給他。 
  I had had a crush on Alan for a long time. In my eyes, he was like the brightest star dazzling in the night sky. After deciding to confess to him, ---- ---- making a card, I also composed a song for him. On Valentine’s Day, I ---- in front of the classroom ---- ---- ---- ---- ----. After greeting each other, we walked home together, and I sang the song for him nervously. The joy on his face ---- me ---- pluck up the courage to give him the card I had prepared. 
p.37 
  2. Jenny抵達機場時，她的哥哥Ed來[接她]並開車載她回家。她驚訝地發現他把車子漆成了五顏六色，這使她忍不住大笑，忘了自己的疲憊。在回家的路上，Ed向她展示了一個新應用程式，這個程式[讓]人們[可以]輕鬆地預約車輛，所以她下次獨自旅行時能夠使用。 
  When Jenny arrived at the airport, her brother Ed came to ---- ---- ---- and drive her home. She was surprised to see that he had painted his car various colors, ---- made her laugh and forget how tired she was. On the way home, Ed showed her a new app that ---- people ---- book rides easily, so she  could use it the next time she traveled alone. 
　　
  Paragraphs 4--5 
  The floating classrooms benefit 26[not only] children [but also] adults. They offer on-board training in practical issues like nutrition, health and hygiene, and human rights. Boat schools also teach adults various farming techniques, such as growing flood-resistant crops. Such training makes 27[it] possible for the villagers to increase productivity 28[so as to] ensure sufficient food and year-round income. The boat schools even offer lessons on financial management 29[so that] people may better manage their money. 
  The boat school concept 30[has now been adopted] by other countries at risk of flooding, including Cambodia, Nigeria, and the Philippines. 31[If these countries didn’t have] such an innovative program, they would not be able to rise above flood waters, overcome geographical barriers, and improve their people’s lives. Indeed, boat classrooms have created opportunities for high-quality education for both children and adults. 32[By doing so], these schools have provided brighter futures for people living in countries that frequently suffer from severe flooding. 
  漂浮的教室不僅嘉惠兒童，也嘉惠成人。它們在船上提供實用議題的訓練，例如營養、健康與衛生、人權。水上學校也教導成人各式各樣的農業技術，例如種植抗澇的作物。這樣的訓練使得村民能夠增加生產力，以確保有足夠的食物及整年都有收入。水上學校甚至提供財務管理的課程，好讓人們可以更妥善管理自己的錢財。 
  水上學校的概念已經被其他面臨水患威脅的國家採用，包括柬埔寨、奈及利亞及菲律賓。如果這些國家沒有這麼創新的計畫，他們就無法戰勝洪水、克服地理障礙，並改善人民的生活。的確，水上教室已經為兒童及成人創造了得到高品質教育的機會。藉由這樣做，這些學校已經為住在頻頻發生嚴重水患國家的人民，提供了更光明的未來。 
　　
  [26]not only...but also... 不僅......還有...... 
  not only...but also...為對等連接詞，連接兩個詞性或結構相同的字詞、片語或子句。 
  *Lisa這學期不只報名了拼字比賽，還報名了科展。
  Lisa signed up for ---- ---- a spelling bee ---- ---- a science fair this semester.
p.38 
  [27]it 為虛受詞，代替後面真正的受詞to increase productivity。此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
  *男人不應該理所當然地認為做家事是女人的責任。 
  Men shouldn’t take ---- for granted that it’s a woman’s responsibility to do the housework. 
　　
  [28]so as to VR 表「為了......；以便......」，用於表示目的，否定用法為so as not to VR。so as to 和in order to 意思相同，但in order to 可置於句首，so as to 不行。 
  *為了上網買演唱會門票，Alex昨晚熬夜到很晚。 
  Alex stayed up late last night ---- ---- ---- buy concert tickets online. 
  =---- ---- ---- buy concert tickets online, Alex stayed up late last night. 
　　
  [29]so that 為連接詞，後接「表目的」的子句。意為「以便......；為了要......」。so that後面的子句中通常會有一情態助動詞，如will、can、may、would、could等。  [同] in order that 
  *Jerry 日夜不停地讀書，以便在期末考能得到好成績。 
  Jerry studied around the clock ---- ---- he could get good grades on the final exams. 
　　
  [30]has been adopted 是現在完成式被動式，使用時機及搭配詞跟現在完成式相同： 
  *生活必需品都已經由慈善機構送到那些地震災民的手中。 
  Supplies ---- ---- ---- ---- to the earthquake victims by the charity.
　　 
  [31]此為本課句型，詳細解說請見【句型開講】說明。 
　　
  [32]
  （1） by + V-ing 藉由...... 
  *當你不使用手機時，可以藉由關掉網路連線來節省手機電池的電力。 
  You can save your phone’s battery ---- ---- off the Internet connection  when you are not using your phone. 
  （2） so 可用於代替前面提過的內容，以避免重複，這裡是指boat classrooms have created opportunities for high-quality education for both children and adults。 
  * 媽媽跟我說過要帶把雨傘，但我在出門前忘記這麼做了。 
  Mom had told me to take an umbrella, but I forgot to do ---- before leaving the house. 
p.39
  〔小試身手〕
　　  
  1. 海地發生芮氏規模7.2級地震，造成4人死亡、1,800人受傷。更糟的是，自從新冠肺炎爆發以來，海地[一直深受影響]。因此，疫情使得救援隊伍的工作執行[這件事]更加困難。這些噩夢降臨在海地人們身上真是可怕。對此，臺灣總統回應這項消息，[不僅]在一則推文中表示哀悼，還承諾捐贈50萬美元，[以幫助]這個加勒比海國家從這場災難中復原。 
  Haiti was hit by a 7.2-magnitude earthquake, which left four people dead and 1,800 injured. Worse still, Haiti ---- ---- ---- ---- by COVID-19 since its outbreak. Therefore, the pandemic made ---- harder for the rescue teams to carry out their work. It is terrible that these nightmares befell the Haitians. In response to the news, Taiwan’s president ---- ---- expressed her condolences in a tweet ---- ---- pledged a donation of US$500,000 ---- ---- ---- ---- the Caribbean nation recover from the tragedy. 
　　
  2. Tom 非常用功讀書，[為了]能通過大學入學考試。他聰明地安排時間，並且[藉由]每天晚上[複習]筆記來增進記憶。老師建議他要持續練習，而他確實[這麼]做，即使在感到疲累的時候，因為他知道堅持才是成功的關鍵。 
  Tom studied very hard ---- ---- he could pass the entrance exam for college. He organized his time wisely and improved his memory ---- ---- his notes every evening. His teacher advised him to keep practicing, and he did ---- even when he felt tired, because he knew that persistence was the key to success. 
p.40
  〔課文測驗〕
　　
  Paragraph 1: Origin of Boat Schools 
  During the monsoon season every year, Bangladesh suffers from severe floods, which means ----. Because of this, Mohammed Rezwan came up with a solution: boat schools. 
  → 
  Paragraph 2: Design of Boat Schools 
  The boat schools are ---- which have been equipped with solar panels. In addition, ----.
  →  
  Paragraph 3: Schedule of Boat Schools 
  The boat school ---- and then takes them back to their village after the learning session.  
  Also, the boat school ---- in the evenings. 
  → 
  Paragraphs 4--5: Advantages of Boat Schools 
  The floating classrooms not only benefit children but also ----. In addition, the boat school program provides people living in countries that frequently suffer from flooding with a chance to be educated. 
　　
  （A） picks up students at the dock in the morning 
  （B） students are unable to receive proper schooling  
  （C） traditional local wooden boats with weatherproof roofs  
  （D） projects films onto large sailcloth for villagers to watch 
  （E） they feature all the educational resources that a regular school has 
  （F） teach adults a variety of farming techniques and financial management methods 
p.41
  PART B
  Words for Production
　　
  〔單字說明〕
　　
  1. flood  vt. vi. 淹沒；淹水 
  *During the storm, the pouring rain flooded many streets in the city. 
  在暴風雨期間，傾盆大雨淹沒了城市內許多街道。 
  *The village floods whenever it rains heavily. 
  每次下大雨，這個村莊就會淹水。 
  [補充]flood vi. 大量湧入；充斥 
  flood  n. [C, U] 洪水；水災 
  *Many of the town’s farms were destroyed by the floods, leaving people with little to eat. 
  這個鎮的許多農田被洪水沖毀，使人們幾乎沒有東西可吃。 
  *The government has issued flood warnings for low-lying areas. 
  政府已經對低窪地區發布洪水警報。 
  flood of + N 大量的...... 
  [補充]flooding  n. [U] 洪水；水災 
  *The typhoon has caused serious flooding in some regions of the country. 
  這個颱風在這個國家的某些區域已經造成嚴重的水災。
　　 
  2. appropriate  adj. 合適的；恰當的 
  [搭配]be appropriate for 對......來說合適 
  *This film is not ---- ---- children because it contains a lot of violence. 
  這部電影不適合兒童觀賞，因為它包含許多暴力。 
  [同義]suitable adj. 合適的 
  [反義]inappropriate adj. 不合適的 
　　
  3. promising  adj. 有希望的；大有可為的 
  *Although Tom has just started his new business, it looks very promising. 
  雖然Tom 的新生意才剛開始，看起來卻非常有遠景。 
  [補充]（1） promise vt. 保證；允諾 
    （2） promise n. [C] 諾言；承諾 
p.42 
  4. arched  adj. 拱形的 
  *The church has a unique design, with large arched windows and a pointed roof. 
  這座教堂的設計獨特，有大型的拱形窗戶以及一個尖形屋頂。 
  [補充]arch vt. 使......拱起 
  arch  n. [C] （建築物的）拱形結構 
  *The bright red arches of the bridge stand out against the blue sky and the clear water below. 
  這座橋的亮紅色拱形，在藍天及橋下清澈河水之間，顯得非常醒目。 
　　
  5. solar  adj. 太陽（能）的 
  [搭配]the solar system 太陽系 
  *Our ---- ---- is mainly made up of eight planets, which move around the Sun. 
  我們的太陽系主要由八大行星組成，八大行星繞著太陽運行。 
  [補充]（1） solar energy 太陽能 
    （2） solar eclipse 日蝕 
　　
  6. panel  n. [C] 方格板塊；嵌板 
  *One of the glass panels of the door was broken and needed to be replaced. 
  這扇門上的玻璃嵌板有一片破了，需要更換。 
  panel  n. [C] 專門小組 
  [搭配]panel of experts 專家小組 
  *During the fashion design competition, each team will need to present their creativity to a ---- ---- ----. 
  在這場服裝設計比賽中，每一支隊伍將需要向一個專家小組展示他們的創意。 
  [補充]panel n. [C] 儀表板；控制臺 
　　
  7. install  vt. 安裝 
  *It is important to install an anti-virus program on your computer to keep it safe. 
  在你的電腦上安裝一個防毒軟體來保護其安全是很重要的。 
  [補充]installation n. [U] 安裝 
p.43  
  8. muddy  adj. 泥濘的 
  *The football field became very muddy due to the constant rain. 
  因為不斷下雨，足球場變得非常泥濘。 
  [補充]muddy adj. 含泥的；混濁的 
  mud  n. [U] 泥漿；淤泥 
  [搭配]be caked/covered with mud 被泥巴覆蓋 
  *Ashley’s boots ---- ---- ---- ---- from her morning hike through the woods. 
  Ashley 的靴子覆蓋著一層因早上健行穿越樹林而來的泥巴。
　　 
  9. session  n. [C] （從事某項活動的）一段時間 
  [搭配]training session 訓練時段 
  *The tennis player begins every ---- ---- exercises. 
  這名網球選手在每個訓練時段開始前，都會做些暖身運動。 
  [補充]session n. [C] 學期；學年 
　　
  10. project  vt. 投射；投影 
  [搭配]project A onto B 把 A 投射到B 上 
  *The artist ---- 3D images ---- the building and turned it into a with some warm-up giant Christmas tree. 
  這名藝術家將3D影像投射在這棟建築物上，將它變成一棵巨大的耶誕樹。 
  [補充]project vt. 發送；放（聲） 
  project  n. [C] 專案；計畫 
  [搭配]work on a project 進行一個計畫 
  *Dr. Lee’s team has been ---- ---- a ---- on rare diseases for three years. 
  李博士的團隊已經進行一個罕見疾病的研究計畫三年了。 
  project  n. [C] （學生的）專題研究 
  [搭配]do a project on 做關於......的專題研究 
  *Lily is ---- a ---- ---- ---- Taiwan under Japanese rule. 
  Lily 正在做一份關於臺灣在日治時期的歷史專題研究。 
p.44
  11. practical  adj. 實際的 
  [搭配]in practical terms 具體來說 
  *While Eric would like to satisfy everyone, ---- ---- ----, it is just not possible. 
  雖然Eric 想要使每個人都滿意，具體來說這是不可能的。 
  practical  adj. 實用的 
  *High heels may look beautiful, but they are not practical for daily activities. 
  高跟鞋可能看起來很漂亮，但對日常活動來說並不實用。 
  [反義]impractical adj. 不實際的；不實用的 
　　
  12. issue  n. [C] 議題 
  [搭配]environmental issue 環境議題 
  *It is time that the government addressed some ---- ---- like air pollution and wildlife protection. 
  該是政府處理一些環境議題的時候了，例如空氣汙染以及野生動物保護。 
  [補充]issue n. [C] （報章雜誌）期、號 
  issue  vt. 發布 
  [搭配]issue a statement 發布聲明 
  *The company ---- a ---- apologizing for the problem with the product and offering to give customers refunds. 
  這間公司發布了一則聲明，為這項產品的問題道歉，並提供顧客退款。 
　　
  13. nutrition  n. [U] 營養（學） 
  *Ms. Anderson is a professor of nutrition at Harvard University. 
  Anderson 女士是哈佛大學的一位營養學教授。 
  nutrition  n. [U] 營養（物質） 
  [搭配]proper/good/poor nutrition 適當營養╱良好營養╱營養不良 
  ---- ---- is especially important for young children, as their brains and bodies are still developing. 
  對於幼童來說，適當的營養特別重要，因為他們的腦部和身體還在發育。 
  [反義]malnutrition n. [U] 營養不良 
  [補充]nutrient n. [C] 養分；營養素 
p.45
  nutritious  adj. 營養豐富的---- 
  *My mom cooked us a delicious and nutritious dinner that consisted of whole wheat pasta, chicken, and vegetables. 
  我媽媽為我們烹煮美味營養的晚餐，包括全麥義大利麵、雞肉以及蔬菜。
　　 
  14. hygiene  n. [U] 衛生 
  [搭配]personal hygiene 個人衛生 
  *It is important to maintain good ---- ---- practices such as washing your hands, brushing your teeth, and bathing regularly. 
    維持良好的個人衛生習慣是重要的，例如洗手、刷牙，以及按時洗澡。 
　　
  15. resistant  adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 
  [搭配]be resistant to sth. 對某事物有抵抗力 
  *This new type of mango tree ---- ---- ---- disease, so it will stay alive and healthy longer than others. 
  這棵新品種的芒果樹對疾病有抵抗力，所以它將比其他品種活得更長久健康。 
  resistant  adj. 抵制的；抗拒的 
  [搭配]be resistant to change 抗拒改變 
  *Parker has always been ---- ---- ----, so he wasn’t happy when his parents said they would be moving. 
  Parker 總是抗拒改變，所以當他的父母說要搬家時，他並不開心。 
  resist  vt. vi. 抵抗；反抗 
  *Those soldiers continued to resist the enemy until other troops came to their rescue. 
  那些士兵繼續抵抗敵人，直到其他部隊前來救援。 
  *The robber tried to take the woman’s bag, but she strongly resisted. 
  這名搶匪試圖要奪走這位婦人的包包，但她奮力抵抗。 
  resist  vt. 抵制；抗拒 
  [搭配]resist V-ing 抗拒做...... 
  *Many students ---- ---- the uniform designed by their school because they thought it was ugly.----
  許多學生抗拒穿他們學校設計的制服，因為他們認為很醜。 
  [補充]resist vt. 抵擋；忍住 
p.46 
  resistance  n. [U] 反對；抗拒 
  [搭配]resistance to 反對...... 
  *There is a lot of ---- ---- the company’s new attendance rule. The employees think it is unreasonable. 
    這間公司的新出勤規定遭遇許多反對。員工認為其不合理。 
　　
  16. productivity  n. [U] 生產率 
  [搭配]increase productivity 增加生產率 
  *The new manager of the factory hopes to ---- ---- through the use of new machines. 
  這間工廠的新任經理希望透過新機器的使用來增加生產率。 
  [補充]produce vt. 生產；製造 
  productive [pr?`d?kt?v] adj. 多產的；豐饒的 
  *The governor would like to turn this area into productive land so that it could provide food for many people. 
  這位州長想要將這個地區轉變為豐饒的土地，以便能提供食糧給眾多人民。 
  [反義]unproductive adj. 產量少的；貧瘠的 
　　
  17. sufficient  adj. 充足的；足夠的 
  [搭配]be sufficient to VR 足以做...... 
  *Nick’s earnings ---- ---- ---- ---- cover all of his living expenses. 
  Nick 的收入不足以支付他所有的生活開銷。 
  [同義]enough adj. 足夠的 
  [反義]insufficient adj. 不足的 
　　
  18. income  n. [U, C] 收入；收益 
  [搭配]source of income 收入來源 
  *Anne has several ---- ---- ----. She has two part-time jobs and a small online business. 
  Anne 有數個收入來源。她有兩份兼職工作，以及一個小規模的網路生意。 
  [搭配]high/low income 高╱低收入 
  *This government housing is available to people on ---- ----. 
  這個國民住宅可讓低收入的人使用。 
  [補充]dual-income adj. 雙薪的 
p.47
  19. financial  adj. 財務的；金融的 
  [搭配]run into financial difficulties 陷入財務困難 
  *Ben and his wife ---- ---- ---- ---- when he lost his job shortly after they purchased a house. 
  Ben 和他的太太買房子後不久Ben失業了，他們便陷入財務困難。 
  finance  n. [U] 財務；金融 
  [搭配]finance department 財務部門 
  *All company purchases must be approved by the ---- ---- before they are made. 
  公司所有的採購都必須經過財務部門同意才能進行。 
  [補充]finance vt. 提供資金 
　　
  20. risk  n. [U, C] 風險；危險 
  [搭配]at high/low risk of N/V-ing ......的風險很高╱低 
  *People who are exposed to too much sun are ---- ---- ---- ---- getting skin cancer. 
  晒太多陽光的人，罹患皮膚癌的風險較高。 
  [搭配]risk to 對......有危險 
  *Loneliness, which can cause a number of problems to your body, can be a ---- ---- your health. 
  寂寞會引起一些身體問題，所以可能對健康有危險。 
  [同義]danger n. [U, C] 危險 
  [補充]（1） run the risk of doing sth. 冒......的危險 
    （2） risky adj. 危險的；有風險的 
  risk  vt. 冒......的風險 
  [搭配]risk one’s life to VR 冒著某人的生命危險做...... 
  *The firefighter ---- his ---- ---- save a woman and her children from the burning building. 
  這位消防員冒著生命危險將一名婦人和她的孩子們從著火的建築物裡拯救出來。 
　　
  21.  geographical  adj. 地理（學）的 
  [搭配]geographical feature 地理特色 
  *On this map, you can see the country’s ---- ----, including mountains, lakes, and rivers. 
  在這張地圖上，你可以看見這個國家的地理特色，包括山脈、湖泊與河川。 
p.48
  geography  n. [U] 地理學 
  *During geography class, we had to draw a map of the world and label as many countries as we could. 
  在地理課時，我們必須畫一幅世界的地圖，並且盡我們所能地標出很多國家。 
  [補充]geography n. sing. 地形；地勢 
  22. barrier  n. [C] 隔閡；障礙 
  [搭配]barrier to sth. 某事物的障礙 
  *Poverty is often a ---- ---- higher education since many people cannot afford to spend their time and money on college. 
  貧窮時常是接受高等教育的障礙，因為許多人無法負擔上大學所花費的時間和金錢。 
  barrier  n. [C] 屏障；障礙物 
  [搭配]barrier between A and B A 與 B 之間的屏障 
  *Our skin functions as a ---- ---- outside world. 
  我們的皮膚可作為身體內部與外界之間的屏障。 
　　
  23. indeed  adv. 的確；確實 
  the inside of our bodies and the  
  *As Tom suggested, having another employee to help out will indeed take some pressure off us. 
  正如Tom 所提議的，有另一個員工來幫忙的確會減輕我們一些壓力。 
  [同義]certainly adv. 的確（= truly） 
  [補充]A friend in need is a friend indeed. 【諺】患難見真情。
　　 
  24. opportunity  n. [C, U] 機會；時機 
  [搭配]opportunity for N/V-ing 做......的機會 
  *When Lisa makes a mistake, she always takes it as an ---- ---- growth and learning. 
  當Lisa 犯錯時，她總是把它當作一個成長和學習的機會。 
  [搭配]opportunity to VR 做......的機會 
  *You will have a lot of ---- ---- use English if you travel in an English-speaking country. 
  如果你到英語系國家旅遊，你將有很多機會使用英語。 
  [同義]chance n. [C] 機會 
p.49
  25. severe  adj. 非常嚴重的 
  *Nancy has a severe leg injury, and it could be months before she is able to walk again. 
  Nancy的腿傷非常嚴重，可能要好幾個月她才能再次走路。 
  [同義]serious adj. 嚴重的 
  severe  adj. 嚴厲的 
  [搭配]be severe with sb. 對某人嚴厲 
  *My parents are never too ---- ---- me. They teach me in a liberal way. 
  我的父母從未太嚴厲對待我。他們用開明的方式教導我。 
  [同義]stern adj. 嚴厲的 
  [補充]severity n. [U] 嚴重 
　　
  〔單字測驗〕
　　
  ---- 1. Global warming is a key i----e facing all human beings. We really have to take this problem seriously. 
  ---- 2. Improvements in both personal and public h----e have helped stop the spread of diseases and illnesses. 
  ---- 3. Because of the continuous rain, many areas near the river were f----ded, leaving millions of people homeless. 
  ---- 4. The budget for our research is far from s----t, so we have to find some private companies to sponsor us. 
  ---- 5. As a sustainable energy source, s----r power is both environmentally friendly and economically beneficial. 
  ---- 6. The long and bitter strike had a huge impact on the factory’s p----y, which in turn led to a great loss for the company. 
  ---- 7. In Taiwan, most households have not i----led central heating as the winter here is usually short and not very cold. 
  ---- 8. It is not a----e for parents to use foul language （粗話）, as they should set an example for their children. 
  ---- 9. At the end of the fan meeting, everyone will have the o----y to get a handshake or an autograph from the celebrity. 
  ---- 10. Award-winning films are not always a f----l success; that is, awards do not guarantee a huge box-office hit. 
p.50 
  ---- 11. Judging from the long line in front of John’s restaurant, it seems that his new career is very p----g. 
  ---- 12. Both adequate n----n and regular exercise are essential to maintain good health. 
  ---- 13. The marriage counselor gives clear, p----l advice rather than empty words.
  ---- 14. Since the patient’s infection had become r----t to the drug, the doctor decided to put her on a different medication. 
  ---- 15. To p----t the smartphone screen onto the computer screen, you have to make sure the connection is stable. 
　　
  PART C
  Idioms and Phrases
　　
  〔片語介紹〕
　　
  1. make waves （1） 引起轟動 （2） 挑起事端 
  [說明]本片語意為「引起別人注意，甚至造成風波」。 
  *The new social app that is widely popular among young people is ---- ---- around the world. 
  這個很受年輕人歡迎的新社交應用程式正在世界各地引起轟動。 
  *Since this is her first job, Joan tries to focus on her work and doesn’t want to ---- ----. 
  因為這是她的第一份工作，Joan設法專注於她的工作，不想挑起事端。 
　　
  2. at a time 一次 
  [說明]本片語為副詞，意為「一次；一個時刻」。 
  *When Tony and Angela first started dating, they often talked on the phone for hours ---- ---- ----. 
  Tony 和Angela 剛開始約會時，他們時常在電話裡一次聊好幾個小時。 
　　
  3. base...on... 以......為基礎 
  [說明]本片語的主動用法為base A on B，意為「某人將A奠基於B」。常用被動：A be based on B，表「A以B為基礎、根據」。 
p.51
  *This novel ---- ---- ---- a true story that happened during World War II. 
  這本小說是以一個發生於二次世界大戰的真實故事為基礎。
　　 
  4. at risk （of） 有危險；冒......的風險 
  [說明]at risk of...是介系詞片語，意為「冒著......的風險」；而at risk 為副詞，意為「處於危險中」。 
  *Many workers are ---- ---- ---- losing their jobs to robots in the future. 
  在未來，許多員工有著工作被機器人搶走的風險。 
　　
  5. rise above 克服（困難、限制） 
  [說明]本片語意為「克服或擺脫困難、厄運、疼痛、危機等」。 
  *Despite his difficult childhood, Darren was able to ---- ---- it and create a great life for himself. 
  雖然童年困苦，Darren能加以克服並為自己創造美好的人生。
　　
  〔片語測驗〕
　　
  1. Danny 成功克服失去一切的痛苦，最後帶領他的公司邁向成功。 
  Danny succeeded in ---- ---- the pain of losing everything and finally led  his company to success.  
  2. 這個國家的經濟主要以農業為基礎。 
  The economy of this country ---- mainly ---- ---- agriculture. 
  3. 在那場戰爭的人冒著失去其生命的危險爭取自由。 
  People in that war fought for freedom ---- ---- ---- losing their lives. 
  4. 我的記憶力很差，所以一次只告訴我一件事就好。 
  I have a really bad memory, so tell me just one thing ---- ---- ---- .
  5. 新來的經理改變了存在幾十年的規則，而在公司裡挑起事端。 
  The new manager ---- ---- in the company by changing rules which had been around for decades. 
p.52
  PART D 
  Sentence Patterns
　　
  〔句型開講〕
　　
  1  If+S+V-ed/were...,S+would/could/might/should+VR....
  [說明]（1） 此句型為與現在事實相反的假設語氣，用於表達與現在事實不符或難以實現的情況。 
  （2） if 引導的副詞子句中，動詞若為be動詞，須使用were，若為一般動詞，使用過去式；主要子句則依語意使用適當的過去式助動詞would（會）、could（能夠）、might（可能）、should（應該），後面接原形動詞。 
  *Nancy is a skinny girl who seldom exercises. If she were stronger, she could move the box by herself.（真實狀況是Nancy 很瘦弱） 
  如果Nancy更強壯些，她就可以自己搬箱子。 
  *If I had a superpower, I would use it to help people in need.（真實狀況是說話者不可能有超能力） 
  如果我有超能力，我會用它來幫助有需要的人。
　　 
  〔小試身手〕
  ---- 1. If you ---- an early bird, you could see the sunrise every day. 
  （A） are 
  （B） be 
  （C） was 
  （D） were
  ---- 2. If I ---- time, I ---- study Japanese. However, I am very busy these days. 
  （A） had; will 
  （B） have; would
  （C） had; can 
  （D） had; could 
  3. 要是我們現在有足夠的錢，就可以買大一點的房子。 
  If we ---- enough money, we ---- buy a bigger house.
  4.I don’t have a car, so I can’t drive you to school.（以假設語氣改寫） 
  →--------
  5. 如果Smith先生夠高的話，就可以成為一位職業（professional）籃球選手了。 
  →--------
p.53
  2  虛主詞it vs. 虛受詞it 
  [說明]（1） It is/was + adj./N  
  \{\（+ for sb.） + to VR.... 
  \{\+ that + S + V.... 
  it 為虛主詞，句子中的真主詞為to VR或that子句，因文字較長，故用it替代，將語意上的真主詞移至句尾。 
  *It is necessary to wear a tie for this meeting. 
  打領帶參加這場會議是必要的。 
  *It is a great challenge for Mrs. Lai to take care of three children. 
  對賴太太來說，照顧三個孩子是一項大挑戰。 
  *It is horrible that campus bullying is getting more and more serious. 
  校園霸凌現在變得愈來愈嚴重，真是可怕。 
  *It was a miracle that the two-year-old baby survived the earthquake. 
  那個兩歲的寶寶在地震中倖存下來，這真是奇蹟。 
  （2） S + V + it + adj./N 
  \{\（+ for sb.） + to VR.... 
  \{\+ that + S + V.... 
  it 為虛受詞，句子中的真受詞為to VR或that子句，因文字較長，故用it替代，將語意上的真受詞移至句尾。虛受詞it後的形容詞或名詞為受詞補語，常見動詞為feel、find、believe、think、consider、make 等。 
  *Jason considers it necessary to wear a tie for this meeting. 
  Jason 認為打領帶參加這場會議是必要的。 
  *Mrs. Lai finds it a great challenge to take care of three children. 
  賴太太發現照顧三個孩子是一項大挑戰。 
  *Parents think it horrible that campus bullying is getting more and more serious. 
  父母們認為校園霸凌正變得愈來愈嚴重是可怕的。 
  *The rescue team thought it a miracle that the two-year-old baby survived the earthquake. 
  救援隊認為那個兩歲的寶寶在地震中倖存下來是一個奇蹟。 
　　
  〔小試身手〕
  ---- 1.---- is a waste of time ---- for the whole weekend.
  （A） That; to play computer games
  （B） That; that plays computer games
  （C） It; to play computer games
  （D） It; that plays computer games 
  ---- 2. The boy finds ---- fascinating ---- about the universe. 
  （A） it; to learn 
  （B） it; learn 
  （C） this; learns 
  （D） that; learning 
p.54
  3. 颱風天去衝浪是危險的。 
  ---- is dangerous ---- ---- ---- on a typhoon day. 
  4. Becoming fluent in a foreign language in two months is impossible.（以 It...to....改寫） 
  →--------
  5. Jamie 認為為了財富而犧牲一個人的健康是個錯誤。（S + V + it + N + to VR....） 
  →--------
　　
  〔句型測驗〕
　　
  1. 對救援隊來說，克服地理障礙是一項困難的任務。（It....） 
  →--------
  2. 如果這個地區在夏天沒有洪水，農民的收入會更加穩定。（If....）
  →-------- 
  3. 如果那些村民們有足夠的營養和衛生設備，他們就不會罹患霍亂（cholera）。（If....） 
  →--------
  4. 為了提供電力給這所學校，我們認為安裝太陽能板是實際的解決之道。（...it....）
  →--------
  5. 如果這個天氣預報模型（weather forecasting model）是建立在更精確的資料上，科學家才有可能做出可靠的預測。（If...it....） 
  →--------